C++, because it pays for my whole life. (Also, for embedded systems, there's still nothing better that is mature enough that I'd bet a product on it.)

Java for when I want a library that has everything, and I don't want to have to worry about memory.

Perl for when I want to rip apart text files.

PHP because I know it very well and it has a lot of good libraries available for web stuff (yes I'm aware of it's detractors, no I don't care and maybe just maybe we can avoid the pointless language war, I chose it for good reasons so lets not waste each others time).

Python for everything that isn't web stuff (automation, deployment, testing all that good stuff).

Only one on your list I've really used is Python, I'm aware of the others but don't know enough to give you a competent opinion.

Lua: quick enough, simple, embeddable. Assembly: powerful. C: something needs to tie everything together and providing a statically linked executable is always the best way to distribute software.

Everything you listed should be thrown in the bin. Go and Python both have significant whitespace/indentation. I guess I don't know anything about the others.

Java - pays well Racket - explore and research QT - cross platform Haskell - write less, think more Javascript/Python - can't avoid